Abstract:

Aim: was to analyze long-term resuts of true lumen reconstruction in complicated aortic dissections type В with help of balloon-expandable stents under intravascular ultrasonic (IVUS) guidance as a preoperative evaluation of anatomy and morphology of lesion.

Materials and methods: 47 patients witn type В aortiс dissections underwent endovascular treatment in our departmert n 20 cases - IVUS was used for irtraoperative anatomy and morphology verification. Complications developed n 16 patients, and true lumen was reconstructed by stent-graft implantation (to cover proximal fenestration) followed by balloon-expandable stents implantation at the level of visceral arteries under IVUS control at every stage. 87,5% of patents were man, mean ago 51 8—16,2 years.

Results: Technical success was 100% True lumen total reconstruction was reached in every case under precise IVUS control. Visceral arteries malperfusion was not observed at hospital period or follow-up. З0-day mortality rate was 6,25% (1 case due to aortic rupture in uncovered part of aorta - 7 days after procedure). All 15 discharged patients survived for 1st year. Mean follow-up period is 3,3±1,6 years. One patient died due to aortobronchial fistula, 1 due to repeated stroke and 1 due to cancer. At CT-scan 2 years after implantation (10 cases) fractures of balloon-expandable stents were observed, without аnу influence on intraluminal size or stenotic lesion. True lumen size stayed stable for 1 year.

Conclusion: true lumen reconstruction under IVUS control seems to be feasible and effective in complicated Type B dissections, even with the use of balloon-expandable stents. The usage of additional intraoperative visualization - intraaortic IVUS is the key point in the development of advanced endovascular methods.

References

1.      Erbel R., Aboyans V., Boileau C., et al. Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2873-926.

2.      Fattori R., Cao P., De Rango P, et al. Interdisciplinary expert consensus document on management of type B aortic dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013; 61: 1661-78.

3.      Eggebrecht H., Nienaber C.A., Neuhauser M., et al. Endovascular stent graft placement in aortic dissection: a metaanalysis. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27: 489e98.

4.      Mossop P.J., McLachlan C.S., Amukotuwa S.A., Nixon I.K. Staged endovascular treatment for complicated type B aortic dissection. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2005;2:316-21.

5.      Canaud L., Faure E.M., Ozdemir B.A., Alric P., Thompson M. (2014) Systematic review of outcomes of combined proximal stent-grafting with distal bare stenting for management of aortic dissection. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 3: 223-233.

6.      Nienaber C.A., von Kodolitsch Y, Nicolas V., et al. The diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection by noninvasive imaging procedures. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328: 1-9.

7.      Evangelista A., Flachskampf F.A., Erbel R., et al. Echocardiography in aortic diseases: EAE recommendations for clinical practice. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010; 11: 645-658.

8.      Fattori R., Caldarera I., Rapezzi C., et al. Primary endoleakage in endovascular treatment of the thoracic aorta: importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000; 120: 490-5.

9.      Rocchi G., Lofiego C., Bigini E., et al. Transesophageal echocardiography-guided algorithm for stent-graft implantation in aortic dissection. J Vasc Surg. 2004; 40: 880-5.

10.    Morton J.B., Sanders P., Sparks P.B., et al. Usefulness of phased-array intracardiac echocardiography for the assessment of left atrial mechanical “stunning” in atrial flutter and comparison with multiplane transesophageal echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 2002; 90: 741-6.

11.    Marrouche N.F., Martin D.O., Wazni O., et al. Phased-array intracardiac echocardiography monitoring during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: impact on outcome and complications. Circ 2003; 107: 2710-6.

12.    Caldararu C., Balanescu S. Modern Use of Echocardiography in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: an Up-Date. M&dica. 2016; 11(4): 299-307.

13.    Jongbloed MR.M., Schalij M.J., Zeppenfeld K., et al.Clinical applications of intracardiac echocardiography in interventional procedures. Heart. 2005; 91(7): 981-990. doi:10.1136/hrt.2004.050443.

14.    Kang S.J., Ahn J.M., Kim W.J., et al. Intravascular ultrasound assessment of drug-eluting stent coverage of the coronary ostium and effect on outcomes. Am J Cardiol. 2013; 111: 1401-7.

15.    Hitchner E., Zayed M.A., Lee G., et al. Intravascular ultrasound as a clinical adjunct for carotid plaque characterization. J Vasc Surg 2014; 59: 774-80.

16.    Diethrich E.B., Irshad K., Reid D.B. Virtual histology and color intravascular ultrasound in peripheral interventions. Semin Vasc Surg. 2006; 19: 155-62.

17.    Song T.K., Donayre C.E., Kopchok G.E., White R.A. Intravascular ultrasound use in the treatment of thoracoabdominal dissections, aneurysms, and transections. Semin Vasc Surg. 2006; 19: 145 9.

18.    Pearce B.J., Jordan W.D. Jr. Using IVUS during EVAR and TEVAR: Improving patient outcomes. Semin Vasc Surg. 2009; 22: 172 80.

19.    Lee J.T., White R.A. Basics of intravascular ultrasound: An essential tool for the endovascular surgeon. Semin Vasc Surg. 2004; 17: 110 8.

20.    Gol'dina I.M., Trofimova E.Yu., Kokov L.S., Parxomenko M.V., Chernaya N.R., Sokolov V.V., Redkoborody'j A.V., Rubczov N.V. Possibilities of intravascular ultrasound examination using a phased array catheter sensor in the diagnosis and treatment of aortic dissection. Ultrazvukovaya i funktsiomalnaya diagnostika. 2016; 1: 78-89 [In Russ].

21.    Martin Z.L., Mastracci T.M. The evaluation of aortic dissections with intravascular ultrasonography. Vascular Disease Management. 2011; 03(31). Available at: http://www.vasculardiseasemanagement.com/content/ev aluation-aortic-dissections-intravascular-ultrasonography/ (accessed 10 march 2018).

22.    Eggebrecht H., Nienaber C.A., Neuhauser M., et al. Endovascular stent graft placement in aortic dissection: a metaanalysis. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27: 489e98.

23.    Mossop P.J., McLachlan C.S., Amukotuwa S.A., Nixon I.K. Staged endovascular treatment for complicated type B aortic dissection. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2005; 2: 316e22.

24.    Nienaber C.A., Kische S., Zeller T., et al. Provisional extension to induce complete attachment after stent graft placement in type B aortic dissection: the PETTICOAT concept. J Endovasc Ther. 2006; 13: 738e46.

25.    Lombardi J.V., Cambria R.P, Nienaber C.A., et al. Prospective multicenter clinical trial (STABLE) on the endovascular treatment of complicated type B aortic dissection using a composite device design. J Vasc Surg. 2012; 55: 629e40.

26.    Hoshina K., Kato M., Miyahara T., et al. Retrospective study of intravascular ultrasound use in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair: Its usefulness and a description of the procedure. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2010; 40: 559-63.

27.    Guo B-L., Shi Z-Y, Guo D-Q., et al. Effect of Intravascular Ultrasound-assisted Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for «Complicated» Type B Aortic Dissection. Chinese Medical Journal. 2015; 128(17): 2322-2329.

Abstract:

Current indications for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are limited for inoperable and high risk patients only. Meanwhile, TAVR may be successfully performed in young patients with low risk and with high technical and functional results according to short- and long-term follow-up.

54 patients underwent TAVR, 7 (12,9%) of them were younger than 65. Cause for endovascular procedure was the presence of oncological process in liver/autoimmune hepatitis/liver cirrhosis/severe bronchial asthma/atherosclerotic lesion of major vessels/severe diabetes mellitus. In 3 cases additional visualization method (intracardiac ultrasound examination) was necessary. All patients underwent implantation of CoreValve.

Technical success was 100%. Function of valves was satisfactory. Light near-valve regurgitation was found in 6 cases, valve regurgitation class II was found in 1 case with decrease to class I after treatment.

Intracardiac ultrasound examination is useful to attend successful results in this group of patients. 

References

1.     2012 ACCF/AATS/SCAi/STS Expert Consensus Document on Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. JACC. 2012; 59: 1200-1254.

2.     Lemos PA, Lee CH, Degertekin M, et al. Early outcome after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in patients with acute coronary syndromes: insights from the Rapamycin-Eluting Stent Evaluated At Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital (RESEARCH) registry. JACC. 2003; 41: 2093-2099.

3.     Ong A.T., Serruys P.W., Aoki J., et al. The unrestricted use of paclitaxel versus sirolimus-eluting stents for coronary artery disease in an unselected population: one-year results of the Taxus-Stent Evaluated at RotterdamCardiologyHospital (T-SEARCH) registry. JACC. 2005; 45: 1135-1141.

4.     Hoye A., Tanabe K., Lemos P.A., et al. Significant reduction in restenosis after the use of sirolimus-eluting stents in the treatment of chronic total occlusions. JACC. 2004; 43: 1954-1958.

5.     Rao S.V., Shaw R.E., Brindis R.G., Klein L.W., Weintraub W.S., Peterson E.D. On- versus off-label use of drug-eluting coronary stents in clinical practice (report from the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data Registry [NCDR]). Am. J. Cardiol. 2006; 97: 1478 -1481.

6.     Beohar N., Davidson C.J., Kip K.E., et al. Outcomes and complications associated with off-label and untested use of drug-eluting stents. JAMA. 2007; 297: 1992-2000.

7.     Grines C.L. Off-label use of drug-eluting stents putting it in perspective. JACC. 2008; 51: 615-617.

8.     Piazza N., Otten A., Schultz C., et al. Adherence to patient selection criteria in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the 18F CoreValve ReValvingTM System: results from a single center study. Heart. 2010; 96: 19-26.

9.     Eltchaninoff H., Prat A., Gilard M., et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: earlyresults of the FRANCE (FRench Aortic National CoreValve and Edwards) registry. Eur. Heart J. 2011; 32:19-197.

10.   Zahn R., GerckensU., Grube E., et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: first results from a multi-centre real-world registry. Eur. Heart J. 2011; 3:198-204.

11.   Rodes-Cabau J., Webb J.G., Cheung A., et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for the treatment of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis in patients at very high or prohibitive surgical risk: acute and late outcomes of the multicenter Canadian experience. JACC. 2010; 55:1080-1090.

12.   Tamburino C., Capodanno D., Ramondo A., et al. incidence and predictors of early and late mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in 663 patients with severe aortic stenosis. Circulation. 2011; 123: 299-308.

13.   Webb J.G., Altwegg L., Boone R.H., et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: impact on clinical and valve-related outcomes. Circulation. 2009; 119: 3009-3016.

14.   Piazza N., Grube E., Gerckens U., et al. Procedural and 30-day outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the third generation (18 Fr) corevalve revalving system: results from the multicentre, expanded evaluation registry 1-year following CE mark approval. EuroIntervention. 2008; 4: 242-249.

15.   Leon M.B., Smith C.R., Mack M., et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation for aortic stenosis in patients who cannot undergo surgery. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010; 363: 1597-1607.

16.   Smith C.R., Leon M.B., Mack M.J., et al. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011; 364: 2187-2198.

17.   Lee D.H., Buth K.J., Martin B.J., et al. Frail patients are at increased risk for mortality and prolonged institutional care after cardiac surgery. Circulation. 2010; 121: 973-978.

18.   Roques F., Nashef S.A., Michel P., et al. Risk factors and outcome in European cardiac surgery: analysis of the EuroSCORE multinational database of 19030 patients. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 1999; 15: 816-822.

19.   Lange R., Bleiziffer S., Mazzitelli D., et al. improvements in Transcatheter Aortic Valve implantation Outcomes in Lower Surgical Risk Patients. JACC. 2012; 59: 280-287